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  <section id="ulid">
<span id="library-ulid"></span><h1><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ulid</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#ulid" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>This library implements a Universally Unique Lexicographically Sortable
Identifier (ULID) generator.</p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/ulid/spec">https://github.com/ulid/spec</a></p>
<p>Note that most backends provide time stamps with lower granularity than
required (i.e., seconds but not milliseconds). Also note that, per spec,
within the same millisecond, monotonic sort order is not guaranteed.</p>
<p>The generation of ULIDs uses the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/urandom</span></code> random number
generator when available. This includes macOS, Linux, *BSD, and other
POSIX operating-systems. On Windows, a pseudo-random generator is used,
but randomized using the current wall time.</p>
<p>ULIDs can be generated as atoms, lists of characters, or lists of
character codes.</p>
<p>See also the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ids</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">uuid</span></code> libraries.</p>
<section id="api-documentation">
<h2>API documentation<a class="headerlink" href="#api-documentation" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Open the
<a class="reference external" href="../../apis/library_index.html#ulid">../../apis/library_index.html#ulid</a>
link in a web browser.</p>
</section>
<section id="loading">
<h2>Loading<a class="headerlink" href="#loading" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>To load all entities in this library, load the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loader.lgt</span></code> file:</p>
<div class="highlight-logtalk notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| <span class="o">?-</span> <span class="k">logtalk_load</span>(ulid(loader)).
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="testing">
<h2>Testing<a class="headerlink" href="#testing" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>To test this library predicates, load the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tester.lgt</span></code> file:</p>
<div class="highlight-logtalk notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| <span class="o">?-</span> <span class="k">logtalk_load</span>(ulid(tester)).
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="generating-ulids">
<h2>Generating ULIDs<a class="headerlink" href="#generating-ulids" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>By default, ULIDs are generated as atoms. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-logtalk notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| <span class="o">?-</span> ulid<span class="o">::</span>generate(<span class="nv">ULID</span>).
<span class="nv">ULID</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&#39;01H0J31SYQXHJZWPRAKHQ6YVYH&#39;</span>
yes
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To generate a ULID using a list of characters representation, use
instead the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ulid/1</span></code> parametric object:</p>
<div class="highlight-logtalk notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| <span class="o">?-</span> ulid(chars)<span class="o">::</span>generate(<span class="nv">ULID</span>).
<span class="nv">ULID</span> <span class="o">=</span> [<span class="s">&#39;0&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;1&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;H&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;0&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;J&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;3&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;2&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;Y&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;V&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;5&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;V&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;S&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;P&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;K&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;5&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;P&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;4&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;5&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;G&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;G&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;0&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;9&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;8&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;8&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;M&#39;</span>,<span class="s">&#39;2&#39;</span>]
yes
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Similarly, to get a ULID using a list of character codes representation:</p>
<div class="highlight-logtalk notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| <span class="o">?-</span> ulid(codes)<span class="o">::</span>generate(<span class="nv">ULID</span>).
<span class="nv">ULID</span> <span class="o">=</span> [<span class="m">48</span>,<span class="m">49</span>,<span class="m">72</span>,<span class="m">48</span>,<span class="m">74</span>,<span class="m">51</span>,<span class="m">52</span>,<span class="m">66</span>,<span class="m">54</span>,<span class="m">48</span>,<span class="m">55</span>,<span class="m">57</span>,<span class="m">54</span>,<span class="m">49</span>,<span class="m">67</span>,<span class="m">82</span>,<span class="m">70</span>,<span class="m">65</span>,<span class="m">67</span>,<span class="m">51</span>,<span class="m">67</span>,<span class="m">67</span>,<span class="m">86</span>,<span class="m">82</span>,<span class="m">48</span>,<span class="m">66</span>]
yes
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>It’s also possible to generate ULIDs from a given timestamp, i.e. the
number of milliseconds since the Unix epoch (00:00:00 UTC on January 1,
1970), using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">generate/2</span></code> predicate. The timestamp must be an
integer. For example, assuming a backend Prolog system providing a
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">time_stamp/1</span></code> predicate returning the Unix epoch in milliseconds:</p>
<div class="highlight-logtalk notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| <span class="o">?-</span> time_stamp(<span class="nv">Milliseconds</span>), ulid(atom)<span class="o">::</span>generate(<span class="nv">Seconds</span>, <span class="nv">ULID</span>).
<span class="nv">Seconds</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="m">1684245175344</span>, <span class="nv">ULID</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&#39;01H0JDBQ1GAWJF35C44Y5S97DX&#39;</span>
yes
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can also use timestamp discrete components using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">generate/8</span></code>
predicate. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-logtalk notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| <span class="o">?-</span> ulid(atom)<span class="o">::</span>generate(<span class="m">2023</span>, <span class="m">5</span>, <span class="m">17</span>, <span class="m">16</span>, <span class="m">23</span>, <span class="m">38</span>, <span class="m">591</span>, <span class="nv">ULID</span>).
<span class="nv">ULID</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&#39;01H0N8CDAZK75C5H3BJSGS4VCQ&#39;</span>
yes
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To extract the timestamp from a given ULID, use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timestamp/2</span></code> and
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timestamp/8</span></code> predicates. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-logtalk notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| <span class="o">?-</span> ulid(atom)<span class="o">::</span>timestamp(<span class="s">&#39;01H0JDBQ1GAWJF35C44Y5S97DX&#39;</span>, <span class="nv">Milliseconds</span>).
<span class="nv">Milliseconds</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="m">1684245175344</span>
yes

| <span class="o">?-</span> ulid(atom)<span class="o">::</span>timestamp(<span class="s">&#39;01H0N8CDAZK75C5H3BJSGS4VCQ&#39;</span>, <span class="nv">Year</span>, <span class="nv">Month</span>, <span class="nv">Day</span>, <span class="nv">Hours</span>, <span class="nv">Minutes</span>, <span class="nv">Seconds</span>, <span class="nv">Milliseconds</span>).
<span class="nv">Year</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="m">2023</span>, <span class="nv">Month</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="m">5</span>, <span class="nv">Day</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="m">17</span>, <span class="nv">Hours</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="m">16</span>, <span class="nv">Minutes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="m">23</span>, <span class="nv">Seconds</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="m">38</span>, <span class="nv">Milliseconds</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="m">591</span>
yes
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="type-checking-ulids">
<h2>Type-checking ULIDs<a class="headerlink" href="#type-checking-ulids" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>This library also defines a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ulid(Representation)</span></code> type for
type-checking ULIDs. For example, with an atom containing invalid
characters:</p>
<div class="highlight-logtalk notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>| <span class="o">?-</span> type<span class="o">::</span>check(ulid(atom), <span class="s">&#39;01BX5ZIKBKALTAV9OEVGEMMVRY&#39;</span>).
uncaught exception<span class="o">:</span> <span class="k">domain_error</span>(ulid,<span class="s">&#39;01BX5ZIKBKALTAV9OEVGEMMVRY&#39;</span>)
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
</section>


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